Risk Factors for Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant among Previously Infected Frontline Workers

doi:10.3201/eid2903.221314

. 2023 Mar;29(3):599-604.

doi: 10.3201/eid2903.221314. Epub 2023 Jan 26.

Risk Factors for Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant among Previously Infected Frontline Workers

PMID: 36703252
PMCID: PMC9973698
DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221314

Free PMC article

Risk Factors for Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant among Previously Infected Frontline Workers

Katherine D Ellingson et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Mar.

Free PMC article

. 2023 Mar;29(3):599-604.

doi: 10.3201/eid2903.221314. Epub 2023 Jan 26.

PMID: 36703252
PMCID: PMC9973698
DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221314

Abstract

In a cohort of essential workers in the United States previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, risk factors for reinfection included being unvaccinated, infrequent mask use, time since first infection, and being non-Hispanic Black. Protecting workers from reinfection requires a multipronged approach including up-to-date vaccination, mask use as recommended, and reduction in underlying health disparities.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; United States; coronaviruses; frontline workers; mRNA vaccines; omicron variant; reinfection; respiratory infection; risk factors; vaccine effectiveness; viruses; zoonoses.

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References

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[1] Michaels D, Wagner GR. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and worker safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA. 2020;324:1389–90. 10.1001/jama.2020.16343 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Michaels D, Wagner GR. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and worker safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA. 2020;324:1389–90. 10.1001/jama.2020.16343 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Pulliam JRC, van Schalkwyk C, Govender N, von Gottberg A, Cohen C, Groome MJ, et al. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa. Science. 2022;376:eabn4947. 10.1126/science.abn4947 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Pulliam JRC, van Schalkwyk C, Govender N, von Gottberg A, Cohen C, Groome MJ, et al. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa. Science. 2022;376:eabn4947. 10.1126/science.abn4947 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Hasan MR, Ayoub HH, Qassim S, AlMukdad S, et al. Protection against the Omicron variant from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1288–90. 10.1056/NEJMc2200133 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Hasan MR, Ayoub HH, Qassim S, AlMukdad S, et al. Protection against the Omicron variant from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1288–90. 10.1056/NEJMc2200133 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Hall VG, Al-Alahmadi G, Solera JT, Marinelli T, Cardinal H, Prasad GVR, et al. Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a propensity matched cohort study. Transplantation. 2022;106:1622–8. 10.1097/TP.0000000000004178 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Hall VG, Al-Alahmadi G, Solera JT, Marinelli T, Cardinal H, Prasad GVR, et al. Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a propensity matched cohort study. Transplantation. 2022;106:1622–8. 10.1097/TP.0000000000004178 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Hansen CH, Michlmayr D, Gubbels SM, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S. Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study. Lancet. 2021;397:1204–12. 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00575-4 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Hansen CH, Michlmayr D, Gubbels SM, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S. Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study. Lancet. 2021;397:1204–12. 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00575-4 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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